Broadly speaking, there are two types of piping engineers layout engineers and stress engineers. Structural engineering design rules of thumb in the early stages of a project, we are often asked how large structural elements will be before we have had a chance to perform the necessary computations. This is based on the authors experience on the use of vocabulary in most design engineering, procurement and construction epc companies. The application of applying this rule of thumb mainly in engineering design work can shorten the time required to design. Rules of thumb for mechanical engineers pdf download. Squarefootassembly squarefoot estimates often also occur early in the project, using historical data to determine current cost. In all civil engineering works using the basic rule of survering working from whole to part is important while doing any layout.
Rules of thumb for mechanical engineers national bronze mfg. Include a straight run pipe length equal to 5 to 10 times the pipe diameter between the pump inlet and any obstruction in the suction line. Aug 01, 2009 for example, chemical engineers might have their rules of thumb when designing any process equipment. The rough cost could also be helpful to plan the manning level in the design office. Whether youre concerned with design, selection, or performance, youll find fast, accurate answers in this ebook all without wading through pages of theory. Feb 18, 2017 thumb rules for engineering costs february 18, 2017 march 11, 2018 vikas khaitan sometimes a very rough high level engineering cost for a future project might be needed for budget approvals, initial planning, contracting strategy discussions, benchmarking of bid prices or negotiating with the engineering contractors. Mar 02, 2018 i am an air conditioning contractor and i have something to confess when it comes to air conditioning equipment sizing. Rules of thumb for piping sizing are listed, including. Engineering pro guides mechanical and electrical pe. Piping loops can require extra pipe supports and can take up plant real estate. Depending on the size of the project, the lead piping material engineer may be assisted by a number of suitably qualified piping material engineers especially during the peak. Rule of thumb for estimating number of engineering deliverables mjcronin mechanical 5 jun 14 14. As a rule of thumb, use 1 size larger pipe on the suction of the pump. All rules of thumb should be considered inaccurate and dangerous.
If this piping system is to be designed to code the following is required of the designer. Utilities design rules design rules for utilities cooling water, cooling air, compressed air fuel, heat transfer and electricity insulations insulation design rules of the thumb for magnesia, asbetos, ceramic refractories, cryogenic, optimum. What is the thumb rule to calculate spanner size for a given bolt. Designing an industrial piping system that optimizes flow rates helps. Keeping the suction piping short ensures that inlet pressure drop is as low as possible. While most pipe thickness is within 1% to 2% of nominal. Aug 03, 2015 now in its sixth edition, pipeline rules of thumb handbook has been and continues to be the standard resource for any professional in the pipeline industry. In south africa we use the guidelines for human settlement planning and design, or what we just call the civil red book. This chapter presents calculations for determining pressure drop in pipes, orifices, and control valves.
For more than 35 years, the pipeline rules of thumb handbook has served as the goto reference for solving even the most daytoday vexing pipeline workflow problems. General suction system is an important part of the pump system and should be thought of as a very specialized piping design. A simple rule of thumb that was pointedout to me years ago concerns the class rating of flanges. Fluidflow rulesofthumbforchemicalengineersfourthedition. The piping engineering world the piping engineering world. A standard chart is available that shows the size of a given bolt and corresponding spanner size. Whether youre concerned with design, selection, or performance, youll find fast, accurate answers here all without wading through pages of theory. The dfu concept allows reasonable sizing of sanitary sewer lines, based on experience from many buildings. Design rules of thumb in the early stages of a project, we are often asked how large structural elements will be before we have had a chance to perform the necessary computations. We have found the following rules of thumb to be useful in estimating the approximate depth of a structural member as well. Rule 2 set the control pressure drop to 50 60% of the frictional pressure loss of the piping system. The straight run pipe gives you a uniform velocity across. Hvac equations data and rules of thumb boilersinfo. Designing domestic hot water recirculation systems.
The responsibilities of piping construction engineers. The seasoned plumbing engineer will also pick up a few new ideas. Piping interview questions part9 essential questions part2. Uses a design heuristic related to energy losses in a piping system.
Hvac rule of thumb calculator engineering pro guides. Pipe diameter on suction side should be equal or one size larger than pump inlet suction piping velocities should be limited to 7 to 8 feet per second or less. Shortcuts for pipeline construction, design, and engineering calculations. Imho, rules of thumb are only useful to trigger further analysis. Some of the random thoughts are summed up here and i will try to uograde the list further. A piping network in a processing plant is like a network of veins and arteries in our body.
I am an air conditioning contractor and i have something to confess when it comes to air conditioning equipment sizing. Expansion loops all pipe stress engineers need to understand and be able to use simple rules, tools, and methods for checking loops in rack piping. Introduction to piping engineering by gerald may, p. For example, chemical engineers might have their rules of thumb when designing any process equipment. Once you find your weak areas, then you should go back and revisit the key concepts and skills within those topics such that you can be better prepared for the actual pe exam. Someone who can at least estimate the size of a vessel without doing any calculations. Now in its eighth edition, this handbook continues to set the standard by. Rules of thumb for chemical engineers brings together solutions, information and workarounds that engineers in the process industry need to get their job done new material in the fifth edition includes physical properties for proprietary materials, six new chapters, including pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical sector heuristics, process design with simulation software, and guidelines for. Piping engineers might have their own when routing the piping. If plumbing systems had to be designed for that scenario, pipe sizes would be huge. A practical and convenient reference, it provides quick solutions to the everyday pipeline problems that the pipeline engineer, contractor, or designer faces.
Whether youre concerned with design, selection, or performance, youll find. A manual of quick, accurate solutions to every day mechanical engineering problems. To become one, you typically need to earn a bachelors degree in mechanical, structural or civil engineering, fulfill licensing. Top 100 thumb rule of construction for civil engineer. Presented in easytouse, stepbystep order, pipeline rules of thumb handbook is a quick reference for daytoday pipeline operations. Sizing liquid flow pipelines easily linkedin slideshare.
If you have multiple floors, then add up all the air conditioned area for all floors and insert a single number for the hvac building area. It transports fluids from one place to another, from one equipment to another. This blog is for all piping fabricators, designers and engineers out there. Feb 12, 2011 if full engineering calculations are not possiblethe conservative approach is to select pipe sizes that produce a velocity of less than 3 msec. If a higher degree of sophistication is sought, table 1 below can be used.
To reduce capital costs, some engineers may decrease the pipe size to. But is this chart is not available, in that case, you can use thumb rule to get the spanner size. Engineering pro guides exams are created based on the four criteria that are used to determine what will be on the pe exam. How to design an industrial piping system for ideal flow rate and. This is based on the authors experience on the use of vocabulary in most design engineering, procurement and. Probably 95% of us dont use the right tools for calculating heat loads. Rules of thumb for mechanical engineers boilersinfo. Eliminate elbows mounted on or close to the inlet nozzle of the pump include 5 to 10 pipe diameters of straight run pipe between the pump inlet and elbow. Piping pressure drop p density, lbft3 d internal pipe diameter, in. Now in its sixth edition, pipeline rules of thumb handbook has been and continues to be the standard resource for any professional in the pipeline industry.
Rule 3 limit the maximum flow rate through the valve. Normally, the lead piping material engineer, the individual responsible for all piping engineering functions, usually reports directly to the project lead piping engineer. There is a great deal of judgment that is required in evaluating the results. Save time with this collection of straightforward, commonsense techniques that provide quick. Of course, the plumbing engineer may decide to design more conservatively than the dfu requirements. Experience is typically what turns a good engineer into a great engineer. Utilities design rules design rules for utilities cooling water, cooling air, compressed air fuel, heat transfer and electricity insulations insulation design rules of the thumb for magnesia, asbetos, ceramic refractories, cryogenic. Online pig based method is widely used for monitoring pipes in oil and gas pipelines 6. Now in its eighth edition, this handbook continues to set the standard by which all other piping books are judged. Line velocities and pressure drop, with line diameter d in inches. Rule of thumb for estimating number of engineering. A piping construction engineer plans the schedule of piping works, assists with material procurement, oversees installations and maintenance operations and supervises construction staff. Download rules of thumb for mechanical engineers by j.
An engineer that can look at a pipe and a flowmeter and guess the pressure drop within 5%. Rule 4 avoid using the lower 10% and upper 20% of the valve stroke. Bhatia 2 each piping engineer and designer should familiar with. Introduction to process plant layout and piping design. This video will help you understand how the sizes work. Jul 23, 2017 the design of process plants is a complex team effort involving different disciplines of engineering. Rules of thumb for chemical engineers sciencedirect. Pipe stress analysis steps pipelines, piping and fluid. A fairly good knowledge of loads and stresses is a must. If you have multiple floors, then add up all the air conditioned area for all floors and insert a single number for the hvac building area value. Pipeline rules of thumb handbook 8th edition elsevier. Their work environment is mostly an office setting but, depending on ones industry, the job can involve surveying field locations.
Also covers tribology, vibrations, materials, stress and fatigue, instrumentation, and engineering economics. A ruleofthumb to use if you need to install liquid carrying pipelines without engineered drawings is to look for the largestsupplying nozzle. Thumb rule is defining as we develop a constant number with our past experience and our field daily work experience. Rules of thumb for mechanical engineers lasses in pipe fittings and valves. Short answer using rules of thumb v max should be approximately 23s to 34s of vav box v nom v min should be approximately to 14 of vav box v max. Loops are best for the longterm performance of a stress analysis. Library of congress cataloginginpublication data pipeline rules of thumb handbook. Rule of thumb maximum flow velocity of water in pipes engineering. For example, the working pressure for a class 400 flange at 100 f is approximately 2. The objective is to design and construct a plant in a costeffective manner. Sometimes a very rough high level engineering cost for a future project might be needed for budget approvals, initial planning, contracting strategy discussions, benchmarking of bid prices or negotiating with the engineering contractors. Dear fellow pipers welcome to the piping engineering world. Cost estimating fundamentals and tricks of the trade. Piping engineer must have sufficient broad knowledge to know that certain conditions can arise at the early stages of plant design, where lack of awareness can cause difficulties, revisions and unnecessary delay.
When i think of such rules, two authors come to my mind, walas and branan. How we develop thumb rule for building estimations civil. It also requires considerable management and coordination skills. Piping, in operation, is always in movement and subject to pressure and. Rules of thumb for mechanical engineers pdf download online. Purchase pipeline rules of thumb handbook 8th edition. According to the bureau of labor statistics, the demand for civil engineers, which. Online pigbased method is widely used for monitoring pipes in oil and gas pipelines 6. Pdf pipeline rules of thumb handbook 5e oscar gomez. Rule of thumb for estimating number of engineering deliverables. Sep 10, 2012 uses a design heuristic related to energy losses in a piping system.
If full engineering calculations are not possiblethe conservative approach is to select pipe sizes that produce a velocity of less than 3 msec. Made by faculty at the university of colorado boulder department of chemical and biological engineering. This series will be of value to engineers and designers who are new to our industry. Learn the key concepts and skills on the pe exam with the technical study guide. Considerable attention must be directed to the pump suction piping to ensure satisfactory pump operation. In the case of boiler feedwater pumps, the minimum flow is preferably piped back to the deaerator. Rules of thumbs for sizing control valves learning. The first step in passing the pe exam is to learn the key concepts and skills on the topics presented in the ncees outline for your specific pe exam power, thermal, hvac or machine design.
The role of piping engineer is a supervisory role, so many employers prefer candidates with one to three years of experience. One rule of thumb for setting the distance between piping levels is three times the largest pipe size. In this video i showed the most needed thumb rule of civil engineering and with the help of this you can easily estimate the quantity of material and. In addition to losses due to friction in a piping system, there are also losses. Hi all, while reading one document reagarding piping, they have written mto for steam traps, valves for vent and drain can be calculated by using thumb rules i can understand that at the initial stage by keeping rake position and layout we can assume all posible rise and drops of our line and thus can estimate steam traps and vent drain. Deppmann monday morning minutes series will focus on the design of domestic hot water recirculation systems in the plumbing portion of the commercial and institutional building. Jul, 2014 ever had trouble trying to order the right sized pipe. Time to phase out rules of thumb high performance hvac today. Obstructions include valves, elbows, tees, and etc. Hvac equations data and rules of thumb by arthur a. Process equipment cost estimating by ratio and proportion. The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning hvac equations, data, rules of thumb, and other information contained within this reference manual were assembled to aid the beginning engineer and designer in the design of hvac systems. The general rule of thumb is to maintain a velocity below 5 fts 1. In the sample office building above, you would use the 110,000 ft2 value in the hvac rule of thumb calculator.
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